Operation Theatre & Anesthesia Technology

 THE PORTION IS TAKEN FROM WHO ARTICLE     1. Hand hygiene1 Summary technique:  Hand washing (40–60 sec): wet hands and apply soap; rub all surfaces; rinse hands and dry thoroughly with a single use towel; use towel to turn off faucet.  Hand rubbing (20–30 sec): apply enough product to cover all areas of the hands; rub hands until dry. Summary indications:  Before and after any direct patient contact and between patients, whether or not gloves are worn.  Immediately after gloves are removed.  Before handling an invasive device.  After touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, non-intact skin, and contaminated items, even if gloves are worn.  During patient care, when moving from a contaminated to a clean body site of the patient.  After contact with inanimate objects in the immediate vicinity of the patient. 2. Gloves  Wear when touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, mucous membranes, nonintact skin.  Change between tasks and procedures on the same pa

 Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) is typically occurs hours to day after puncture the spinal cord and present with the symptom like headache , nausea and vomiting also . The complication is commonly seen after spinal anesthesia .  According to the International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria for the diagnosis of PDPH, headache develops within 5 days after dural puncture and disappears spontaneously within 1 week , or up to 48 h after an epidural blood patch .   Mechanism of Post Dural Punchar Headache 1  persistant leakage of CSF 2 Decrease CSF volume and pressure  shift of intra cranial content                     activate adenosine resceptor streaching the space                                   vasodialation of intra cranial vessel  Pathophysiology In 1899 , Augastin Biar was the first to describe about spinal anestheesia  and Post Dural Puncture Headache . symptom  nausea  vomiting  diplopia  virtigo tinnitus  neck stiffness  photophobia and e.t.c          Risk

    Spinal Anesthesia is also called spinal block, subarachnoid block, intradural block and intrathecal block, is a form of neuraxial regional anaesthesia involving the injection of a local anaesthetic or opioid into the subarachnoid space, generally through a fine needle, usually 9 cm long fine needle.  Why we choose spinal anesthesia for patient ?    spinal anesthesia is commonly used technique in combination with sedation and genaral anesthesia . spinal anesthesia is the most common technique widely , combination of sedation and general anesthesia , used below the umbilities ,  Orthopaedic surgery on the pelvis ,   hip , femur , knee , tibi a, and ankle including arthroplasty and joint replacement Vascular surgery on the leg Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair Hernia (inguinal or epigastric) Haemorrhoidectomy Nephrectomy and cystectomy in combination with general anaesthesia Transurethral resection of the prostate and transurethral resection of bladder tumours Hysterectomy in

 Breast cancer can occur in women and rarely in men. It is the most common cancer in India for woman and rearly men affects too . Over 1 million patient comes across the world every year , with these .  2nd most common cancer in woman after lungs cancer . It treatable by a medical professional , requires medical diagnosis , and lab test and imaging test requires .  its treatment depends on stages of cancer , it may consist chemotherapy , radiation, hormone therapy and surgery .   Uncontrolled growth of epithelial cells in the breast .  # Don't cause pain or discomfort untill it spread to nearby tissue . Cause :  Breast cancer occurs when some breast cells begin to grow abnormally. These cells divide more rapidly than healthy cells do and continue to accumulate, forming a lump or mass. Cells may spread (metastasize) through your breast to your lymph nodes or to other parts of your body. Breast cancer most often begins with cells in the milk-producing ducts (invasive ductal ca