Operation Theatre & Anesthesia Technology

  TRACHEOSTOMY Tracheotomy , or tracheostomy, is a surgical procedure which consists of making an incision on the anterior aspect of the neck and opening a direct airway through an incision in the trachea . Indications There are four main reasons why someone would receive a tracheotomy: [3] 1. Emergency airway access 2. Airway access for prolonged mechanical ventilation 3. Functional or mechanical upper airway obstruction 4. Decreased/incompetent clearance of tracheobronchial secretions Surgical procedure The best position for a tracheotomy was and still is one that forces the neck into the biggest prominence . Usually, the patient is laid on their back on a table with a cushion placed under their shoulders to prop them up . The typical procedure done is the open surgical tracheotomy . Commonly a transverse (horizontal) incision is made two fingerbreadths above the sternal notch . Alternatively, a vertical incision can be made in the midline of the neck from the thyroid carti

            Patient positioning is a improtent daily routine for a operation theater technologist , to access the surgical procedure . Different position is the cause of various physiological stress , nerve damage and pressure necrosis ,  the hypotension and hypothermia is also cause of these .             Diabetics patients with arterialdieases the elderly and those with neurological deficits are also at particular risk .               patient with rhematoid arthritis may  suffer from survical spine instantly at the atlanto occipital lavel . various types of positioning are - 1   Supine position                                                                   2   Trendelenburg position ,                                      3     Reverse Trendenburg position                                     4   PRONE POSITION                                     5   BACK CHAIR SITTING POSITION                                     6   LITHOTOMY POSITION                                    

  An abdominal protrusion of the contents of a closed cavity through a potential or an abnormal opening. Cause:: age               smoking               Chronic coughing               Family history               Being constipated                Damage from injury               Sudden weight gain               Being over weight               Lifting heavy weight Hernia Types:: Epigastric                            Umbilical                             Incisional                            Inguinal                            Femoral Types of Hernia in common:: The most common types of hernia is the inguinal hernia , which is defined as extrusion of abdominal content through defeat in abnormal wall.  It has two types as     (a) Direct inguinal hernia:: occurred in the inguinal triangle usually occurs in the old age (weak muscles) the medical sac found medical to inferior epigenetic artery .      (b) Indirect inguinal:: Occurs in the inguinal canal occurs in young males