Skip to main content

the abdominal arota branches

 

The abdominal aorta in a nutshell

  • The abdominal aorta is a continuation of the descending thoracic aorta.
  • It supplies all of the abdominal organs, and its terminal branches go on to supply the pelvis and lower limbs. It also supplies the undersurface of the diaphragm and parts of the abdominal wall.
  • It begins at T12 and ends at L4, where it divides into the right and left common iliac arteries.
  • It enters the abdomen through the aortic opening of the diaphragm, which is located beneath the median arcuate ligament between the crura of the diaphragm at T12.
  • It is accompanied through the aortic opening by the azygos vein and the thoracic duct.
  • It is located on the posterior abdominal wall in the retroperitoneal space of the abdomen.
  • It descends on the left of the inferior vena cava (IVC) over the anterior surface of the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae and follows the curvature of the lower spine.
  • Because it lies slightly to the left of the midline, and due to the presence of the IVC next to it, right-sided arteries are longer than their left-sided equivalents, as they have further to travel. This means that, for example, the right renal artery is longer than the left.
  • Running parallel to the aorta on its right-hand side is the inferior vena cava, the cisterna chyli, the beginning of the azygos vein, and the para-aortic lymph nodes.
  • Running on its left-hand side is the left sympathetic trunk and the para-aortic lymph nodes.
  • Organs situated directly in front of the aorta include the stomach, duodenum and pancreas.
  • It is also crossed anteriorly by the splenic vein and the left renal vein.
  • The normal diameter of the abdominal aorta is <2cm. It increases slightly in size with age, but if the diameter reaches >3cm, the patient has an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). These are usually due to atherosclerosis, and if >5.5cm in size they are at high risk of spontaneously rupturing with massive internal haemorrhage.
  • Trauma to the abdominal aorta can result from either blunt trauma (e.g. a car accident) or penetrating injuries (e.g. stabbings and gunshot wounds).
  • Bleeding from the abdominal aorta tends to be catastrophic, with rapid exsanguination unless the patient gets to the operating theatre very quickly.

 

> Some key points to take away from this diagram are:

  • The abdominal aorta has:
    • 3 single anterior visceral branches (coeliac, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery)
    • 3 paired lateral visceral branches  (suprarenal, renal, gonadal)
    • 5 paired lateral abdominal wall branches (inferior phrenic and four lumbar)
    • 3 terminal branches (two common iliac arteries and the median sacral artery)
  • For some reason, there are 3 suprarenal arteries. These supply the adrenal glands. The superior branch is derived from the inferior phrenic artery, the middle branch originates directly from the aorta, and the inferior branch comes off the renal artery.
  • The IVC runs parallel to the aorta on its right-hand side.
  • Because the IVC is in the way, the right renal artery has to pass behind it to get to the right kidney.
  • The gonadal arteries (testicular in men, ovarian in women) are situated surprisingly high up in the abdomen, considering that the organs they supply are either dangling in the scrotum or way down in the pelvis. This is because, during early fetal life, the gonads begin to develop up next to the kidneys before migrating downwards to their proper positions. They get their blood supply from where they started, not from where they end up.
  • The lumbar arteries arise posteriorly and will not be easily visible on most anatomical prosections.
  • The fifth lumbar arteries on either side arise from the median sacral artery              



Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Choosing the option between fibula plate and nail

 Fibula is the secondary bone of our leg which connects knee to ankle along aside tibia as a secondary part .  It usually  broke along aside tibia as an evidence of major accident  There is two option to fix it .  Firstly we are choosing  about fibula nail as a simple procedure .  Surgeon needs only a pliers and nail after creating a port according to its position to fix it under the guidance of c arm .  If Surgeon go for here need to open the fracture to fix plate on the area . And needs for clam k wire and other nessary things to fix the fracture.   Why the options?  Surgeon choose the options according to the fracture  , if the fracture line goes vertically ways or the both part of fibula resting perfectly and doesn't dislocated from its own  position  , surgeon goes for nail fixation.   If the fracture is not showing properly in x ray and both end of the bone misplaced after the injury or fracture line  is going in a curved ways from upper end to other side lower end in a impro
Post a Comment
Read more

Trolly layout for cervical spine surgery and a view from assistant perspective.

 While spine surgery is one of the major critical surgery according to surgical aspect .  Patient position  Patient will be position at porne ( face down ) provided diathermy plate .  C arm would be position like  the x-ray tube under the patient/table and not over it.  Under couch systems provide better protection from scattered dose  .  Trolly for surgery  Drapping part  Swab holding forcep  Gauze  and small bowl .  Firstly use spirit and then after bitadine to properly disinfect the surgical fracture area .  Afterthat we use rubber sheet and laterly green sheet to properly  cover the area  .  And use disposable ioban to cover that portion  Fix it properly with towel clip and fixing a diathermy cable and and suction pipe for further loss blood suction.   Surgical part  We need kidney tray to provide B.P handle(4) and proper size blade (24 )  Austriotam and retractor ( lagenback small blade ) or self retaning retractor according to doctors need.  And a mop to Swab blood and and artery
Post a Comment
Read more

Patient shifting from operation theatre to post operative care unit (Part 1 )

  T he safe care of transporting patients to the operating room and recognizing the possible hazards, in order to prevent injuries to the patient and surgery department personnel. The recommended practices aid in ensuring the transfer and transportation of the patient without tissue injury; avoiding undue physical or emotional discomfort.  Standard of Practice I It is the responsibility of the HCWs to ensure the safe patient transfer of a patient from a bed to a transportation device. The specific needs of the patient should be considered when selecting the method of transport. This includes:  A. Need for IV pole(s)  B. Need to transport oxygen tank  C. Mobility of the patient  D. Conscious, semi-conscious or unconscious patient  E. Size of patient  F. Age of patient  G. Determining the physical abilities and state of health of the patient. Knowing the patient’s state of health and abilities will help in the choice of mode of transportation, decrease the possibility of accidents to th
Post a Comment
Read more