Operation Theatre & Anesthesia Technology

 THE PORTION IS TAKEN FROM WHO ARTICLE     1. Hand hygiene1 Summary technique:  Hand washing (40–60 sec): wet hands and apply soap; rub all surfaces; rinse hands and dry thoroughly with a single use towel; use towel to turn off faucet.  Hand rubbing (20–30 sec): apply enough product to cover all areas of the hands; rub hands until dry. Summary indications:  Before and after any direct patient contact and between patients, whether or not gloves are worn.  Immediately after gloves are removed.  Before handling an invasive device.  After touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, non-intact skin, and contaminated items, even if gloves are worn.  During patient care, when moving from a contaminated to a clean body site of the patient.  After contact with inanimate objects in the immediate vicinity of the patient. 2. Gloves  Wear when touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, mucous membranes, nonintact skin.  Change between tasks and procedures on the same pa

 Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) is typically occurs hours to day after puncture the spinal cord and present with the symptom like headache , nausea and vomiting also . The complication is commonly seen after spinal anesthesia .  According to the International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria for the diagnosis of PDPH, headache develops within 5 days after dural puncture and disappears spontaneously within 1 week , or up to 48 h after an epidural blood patch .   Mechanism of Post Dural Punchar Headache 1  persistant leakage of CSF 2 Decrease CSF volume and pressure  shift of intra cranial content                     activate adenosine resceptor streaching the space                                   vasodialation of intra cranial vessel  Pathophysiology In 1899 , Augastin Biar was the first to describe about spinal anestheesia  and Post Dural Puncture Headache . symptom  nausea  vomiting  diplopia  virtigo tinnitus  neck stiffness  photophobia and e.t.c          Risk

    Spinal Anesthesia is also called spinal block, subarachnoid block, intradural block and intrathecal block, is a form of neuraxial regional anaesthesia involving the injection of a local anaesthetic or opioid into the subarachnoid space, generally through a fine needle, usually 9 cm long fine needle.  Why we choose spinal anesthesia for patient ?    spinal anesthesia is commonly used technique in combination with sedation and genaral anesthesia . spinal anesthesia is the most common technique widely , combination of sedation and general anesthesia , used below the umbilities ,  Orthopaedic surgery on the pelvis ,   hip , femur , knee , tibi a, and ankle including arthroplasty and joint replacement Vascular surgery on the leg Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair Hernia (inguinal or epigastric) Haemorrhoidectomy Nephrectomy and cystectomy in combination with general anaesthesia Transurethral resection of the prostate and transurethral resection of bladder tumours Hysterectomy in

 Breast cancer can occur in women and rarely in men. It is the most common cancer in India for woman and rearly men affects too . Over 1 million patient comes across the world every year , with these .  2nd most common cancer in woman after lungs cancer . It treatable by a medical professional , requires medical diagnosis , and lab test and imaging test requires .  its treatment depends on stages of cancer , it may consist chemotherapy , radiation, hormone therapy and surgery .   Uncontrolled growth of epithelial cells in the breast .  # Don't cause pain or discomfort untill it spread to nearby tissue . Cause :  Breast cancer occurs when some breast cells begin to grow abnormally. These cells divide more rapidly than healthy cells do and continue to accumulate, forming a lump or mass. Cells may spread (metastasize) through your breast to your lymph nodes or to other parts of your body. Breast cancer most often begins with cells in the milk-producing ducts (invasive ductal ca

  today we are discussing about trolly layout of gallblader operation . we all know it is the common operation among middle aged man and elder person . for that reason we have to manage this instrument trolly  for many times . lets see what are the instrument used here .  one very improtant thing that is the trolly must be sterile for the instrument should be kept there .   first of all we need towel clip for fixing the towel .                    then we need bard parker handle and insicion blade             then we use allise and artery        ALLISE ARTERY Then we use diathermy   that after morrise retractor  morrise retractor  and then deverse retractor    hence we are like to use succesion  to remove the blood and internal fluid then we use use special instrument for gb holding and decting like  moynihans forcep right angle forcep and desgerdin forcep  moynihans forcep  rightangle forcep  desgerdin forcep  after that we use mersilk suture without needle to fix the duct and artery

  The abdominal aorta in a nutshell The abdominal aorta is a continuation of the descending thoracic aorta . It supplies all of the abdominal organs , and its terminal branches go on to supply the  pelvis and lower limbs . It also supplies the undersurface of the diaphragm and parts of the abdominal wall . It begins at T12 and ends at L4 , where it divides into the right and left common iliac arteries . It enters the abdomen through the aortic opening of the diaphragm , which is located beneath the median arcuate ligament between the crura of the diaphragm   at T12 . It is accompanied through the aortic opening by the azygos vein and the thoracic duct . It is located on th e posterior abdominal wall in the retroperitoneal space of the abdomen. It descends on the left of the inferior vena cava  (IVC) over the anterior surface of the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae and follows the curvature of the lower spin

 OPERATION THEATER        Operation theater i.e. ot is a particular place where all surgeries including new born care unit takes place .  It is a sterile area . OT compound is maintaining under ot technologist . It is a area including various type of OT and blood bank , ITU , ICU , PACU , doctors room , sisters room , technologist room , sisters room  and a massive storage area for all instrument used in the OT .      Advantages    1 Better ot allocation   2  Minimize infection  3 better maintenence TYPES  OF OT  1 based of sterility  1 . ultra sterility ( CTVS , ITU ) 2 . Sterile and 3  septic ,( where all emergency surgery takes place )  2 Based on construction . i.e modular which is construct during moder technologies and based ot ( which is a normal ot )  3 Based on timing 1  scudule ot 2 emergency ot       Zones in operation theater       protective zones   pre and post operative room  ,  IUC and PACU           Clean zone           Aseptic zones            Disposal zones